Twilight 2008 Movie Cast

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Twilight is a 2008 American romanticfantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer's novel of the same name. Directed by Catherine Hardwicke, the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson. It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan (a teenage girl) and Edward Cullen (a vampire), and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a coven of evil vampires.

Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson in Twilight (2008) Christian Serratos in. At an event for Twilight (2008) Peter Facinelli and Edi Gathegi in Twilight (2008). Of the book have such a problem with the sparkling skin depicted in the movie? Jump to navigation Jump to search. Nicole Houston Reed (born May 17, 1988) is an American actress, screenwriter, singer-songwriter, and model known for her portrayal of vampire Rosalie Hale in The Twilight Saga (2008–2012).

The project was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was written. Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the novel after three years of the project's stagnant development. Melissa Rosenberg wrote a new adaptation of the novel shortly before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike and sought to be faithful to the novel's storyline. Principal photography took 44 days^[4] and was completed on May 2, 2008;^[5] the film was primarily shot in Oregon.^[6]

Twilight was theatrically released on November 21, 2008; it grossed over US$393 million worldwide.^[3] It was released on DVD March 21, 2009 and became the most purchased DVD of the year.^[7] The soundtrack was released on November 4, 2008.^[8] Following the film's success, New Moon and Eclipse, the next two novels in the series, were produced as films the following year.

• 3Production
• 4Release

Plot

Bella Swan, a seventeen-year-old outcast, moves to Forks, a small town located by Washington state's Olympic Peninsula, to live with her father, Charlie, who is the police chief of town. Her mother, Renée, is remarried to a minor league baseball player, and they travel often to attend games. At her new high school, Bella makes several new friends, but she is also intrigued by the mysterious and aloof Cullen siblings. Bella sits next to Edward Cullen in biology class on her first day of school, but he seems to be repulsed by her. After a week of absence from school, Edward returns to school and begins socializing with Bella normally. A few days later, Bella is nearly struck by a van in the school parking lot. Edward saves her by instantaneously covering a distance of over thirty feet, and putting himself between Bella and the van, stopping it with only his hand, and making a conspicuous dent on the van. He subsequently refuses to explain his actions to Bella, and warns her against befriending him.

After much research, Bella concludes that Edward is seemingly human, but has mysterious powers resembling those of a vampire. He eventually confirms this, but says he and the other Cullens only consume animal blood. The pair fall in love, and Edward introduces Bella to his vampire family. Carlisle Cullen, the family patriarch, is a doctor working at the hospital in Forks. His wife is Esme, the family's matriarch. Alice, Jasper, Emmett, and Rosalie, are their informally adopted children. Edward and Bella's relationship is soon put in jeopardy when three nomadic vampires—James, Victoria, and Laurent—arrive in Forks. James, a tracker vampire with incredible hunting instincts, is instantly intrigued by Edward's protectiveness of a human, which incites him to hunt Bella for sport. Edward and the other Cullens put their lives on the line in an effort to protect Bella, but James tracks her to Phoenix, Arizona, where she is hiding with Jasper and Alice. James lures Bella into a trap by falsely claiming that he is holding her mother hostage. James attacks Bella by biting her wrist, infecting her with vampire venom. After a ferocious battle, Edward subdues James just as the other members of the Cullen family arrive. Alice, Emmett, and Jasper kill James, decapitating and burning him, as Edward removes the venom from Bella's wrist, preventing her from turning into a vampire. In the aftermath of the battle, Bella has suffered a broken leg, and ends up in the hospital, but her mother stops by to visit. Upon returning to Forks, Edward accompanies Bella to the high school prom, where he refuses to grant her request that he would transform her into a vampire. As the two go into the gazebo, they are unaware that James' mate, Victoria, is secretly watching, plotting revenge for her lover's death.

Cast

Main cast

• Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan, a seventeen-year-old girl who moves to the small town of Forks, Washington from Phoenix, Arizona and falls in love with Edward Cullen, a vampire. Her life is endangered after James, a sadistic vampire, decides to hunt her.^[9]
• Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen, a 108-year-old vampire who was changed in 1918 and still appears to be seventeen. He is Bella's love interest and eventually falls in love with her. He has the ability to read minds, with the exception of Bella's, along with superhuman speed.^[9][10]

Secondary cast

• Peter Facinelli as Carlisle Cullen, a compassionate 300-plus-year-old vampire who looks to be in his early 30s. He serves as the town's physician and is the Cullen family patriarch.^[11]
• Elizabeth Reaser as Esme Cullen, Carlisle's vampire wife and the matriarch of the Cullen family.^[12]
• Ashley Greene as Alice Cullen, Jasper Hale's mate, a vampire who can see the future based on decisions that people make.^[12]
• Kellan Lutz as Emmett Cullen, physically the strongest vampire of the family.^[12]
• Nikki Reed as Rosalie Hale, Emmett Cullen's mate, a vampire described as the most beautiful person in the world. She is hostile toward Bella throughout the film, worried that Edward's relationship with a human puts their clan at risk.^[6]
• Jackson Rathbone as Jasper Hale, a Cullen family member who can manipulate emotions. He is the newest member of the Cullen family, and thus has the most difficulty maintaining their 'vegetarian' diet of feeding only on animal rather than human blood.^[12]
• Billy Burke as Charlie Swan, Bella's father and Forks' Chief of Police.^[13]
• Cam Gigandet as James Witherdale, the leader of a group of nomadic vampires that intends to kill Bella. He is Victoria's mate and a gifted tracker, due to his unparalleled senses.^[6]
• Rachelle Lefèvre as Victoria Sutherland, James' mate who assists him in hunting Bella.^[6]
• Edi Gathegi as Laurent Da Revin, the most civilized member of James' coven.^[14]
• Sarah Clarke as Renée Dwyer, Bella's mother who lives in Arizona with her new husband, Phil.^[14]
• Taylor Lautner as Jacob Black, an old childhood friend of Bella and a member of the Quileute tribe.^[15]
• Christian Serratos as Angela Weber, one of Bella's new friends in Forks.^[14]
• Michael Welch as Mike Newton, one of Bella's new friends who vies for her attention.^[6]
• Anna Kendrick as Jessica Stanley, Bella's first friend in Forks.^[9]
• Gregory Tyree Boyce as Tyler Crowley, another one of Bella's classmates, also vying for Bella's attention. He nearly hits Bella with his van.
• Justin Chon as Eric Yorkie, another one of Bella's classmates who vies for her attention.^[9]
• Solomon Trimble as Sam Uley. Solomon Trimble was credited as 'Jacob's friend' in the film, but was widely recognized as playing the part of Sam.^{[16][17][18][19]}
• Krys Hyatt as Embry Call. He was recognized as playing the part of Embry in the Twilight film, though his role was uncredited.^[20]
• Gil Birmingham as Billy Black
• Matt Bushell as Phil Dwyer
• José Zúñiga as Mr. Molina
• Ned Bellamy as Waylon Forge
• Ayanna Berkshire as Cora
• Katie Powers as Waitress
• Trish Egan as Ms. Cope

Production

Development

Stephenie Meyer's paranormal romance novelTwilight was originally optioned by Paramount Pictures' MTV Films in April 2004, but the screenplay that was subsequently developed was substantially different from its source material.^[2][21] When Summit Entertainment reinvented itself as a full-service studio in April 2007, it began development of a film adaptation anew,^[22] having picked up the rights from Paramount (who coincidentally had made an unrelated film with the same title in 1998) in a turnaround.^[23] The company perceived the film as an opportunity to launch a franchise based on the success of Meyer's book and its sequels.^[12][24]Catherine Hardwicke was hired to direct the film and Melissa Rosenberg was hired to write the script in mid-2007.^[25]

Rosenberg developed an outline by the end of August, and collaborated with Hardwicke on writing the screenplay during the following month. Rosenberg said Hardwicke 'was a great sounding board and had all sorts of brilliant ideas.... I'd finish off scenes and send them to her, and get back her notes.'^[26] Due to the impending Writers Guild of America strike, Rosenberg worked full-time to finish the screenplay before October 31.^[26] In adapting the novel, she 'had to condense a great deal.' Some characters from the novel were not featured in the screenplay, whereas some characters were combined into others.^[27] '[O]ur intent all along was to stay true to the book', Rosenberg explained, 'and it has to do less with adapting it word for word and more with making sure the characters' arcs and emotional journeys are the same.'^[28] Hardwicke suggested the use of voice over to convey Bella's internal dialogue^[26] — since the novel is told from her point of view — and she sketched some of the storyboards during pre-production.^[29]

Adaptation from source material

The filmmakers behind Twilight worked to create a film that was as faithful to the novel as they thought possible when converting the story to another medium, with producer Greg Mooradian saying, 'It's very important to distinguish that we're making a separate piece of art that obviously is going to remain very, very faithful to the book.... But at the same time, we have a separate responsibility to make the best movie you can make.'^[30] To ensure a faithful adaptation, Meyer was kept very involved in the production process, having been invited to visit the set during filming and even asked to give notes on the script and on a rough cut of the film.^[31] Of this process, she said, 'It was a really pleasant exchange [between me and the filmmakers] from the beginning, which I think is not very typical. They were really interested in my ideas',^[32] and, '...they kept me in the loop and with the script, they let me see it and said, 'What are your thoughts?' ... They let me have input on it and I think they took 90 percent of what I said and just incorporated it right in to the script.'^[31] Meyer fought for one line in particular, one of the most well-known from the book about 'the lion and the lamb', to be kept verbatim in the film: 'I actually think the way Melissa [Rosenberg] wrote it sounded better for the movie [...] but the problem is that line is actually tattooed on peoples' bodies [...] But I said, 'You know, if you take that one and change it, that's a potential backlash situation.''^[31] Meyer was even invited to create a written list of things that could not be changed for the film, such as giving the vampires fangs or killing characters who do not die in the book, that the studio agreed to follow.^[31][32] The consensus among critics is that the filmmakers succeeded in making a film that is very faithful to its source material,^[33][34] with one reviewer stating that, with a few exceptions, 'Twilight the movie is unerringly faithful to the source without being hamstrung by it.'^[35]

–Twilight author Stephenie Meyer^[21]

However, as is most often the case with film adaptations, differences do exist between the film and source material. Certain scenes from the book were cut from the film, such as a biology room scene where Bella's class does blood typing. Hardwicke explains, 'Well [the book is] almost 500 pages—you do have to do the sweetened condensed milk version of that.... We already have two scenes in biology: the first time they're in there and then the second time when they connect. For a film, when you condense, you don't want to keep going back to the same setting over and over. So that's not in there.'^[36] The settings of certain conversations in the book were also changed to make the scenes more 'visually dynamic' on-screen, such as Bella's revelation that she knows Edward is a vampire—this happens in a meadow in the film instead of in Edward's car as in the novel.^[36] A biology field trip scene is added to the film to condense the moments of Bella's frustration at trying to explain how Edward saved her from being crushed by a van.^[30] The villainous vampires are introduced earlier in the film than in the novel. Rosenberg said that 'you don't really see James and the other villains until to the last quarter of the book, which really won't work for a movie. You need that ominous tension right off the bat. We needed to see them and that impending danger from the start. And so I had to create back story for them, what they were up to, to flesh them out a bit as characters.'^[26] Rosenberg also combined some of the human high school students, with Lauren Mallory and Jessica Stanley in the novel becoming the character of Jessica in the film, and a 'compilation of a couple of different human characters' becoming Eric Yorkie.^[27] About these variances from the book, Mooradian stated, 'I think we did a really judicious job of distilling [the book]. Our greatest critic, Stephenie Meyer, loves the screenplay, and that tells me that we made all the right choices in terms of what to keep and what to lose. Invariably, you're going to lose bits and pieces that certain members of the audience are going to desperately want to see, but there's just a reality that we're not making 'Twilight: The Book' the movie.'^[30]

Casting

–Twilight author Stephenie Meyer^[21]

Kristen Stewart was on the set of Adventureland when Hardwicke visited her for an informal screen test that 'captivated' the director.^[2] Hardwicke had trouble finding an actor otherworldly enough to play vampire Edward Cullen. Then she got a call about a guy in London. 'I looked at a couple pictures and was like, ‘I’m not sure,’?' Hardwicke says. 'He had been fired from his last job, he was unemployed, he was in debt.' Pattinson flew to Los Angeles on his own dime to read with Stewart.^[37]Shiloh Fernandez, Jackson Rathbone, Ben Barnes, and Robert Pattinson were the final four up for the role of Edward.^[38] Hardwicke did not initially choose Robert Pattinson for the role of Edward Cullen, but after an audition at her home with Stewart, he was selected.^[2] Hardwicke said, 'Kristen was like, ‘It’s got to be Rob!’ She felt connected to him from the first moment. That electricity, or love at first sight, or whatever it is.' Hardwicke gave him the part, but he had to make a promise. 'You’ve got to realize that Kristen is 17 years old,' Hardwicke told him, 'She’s underage. You’ve got to focus, dude, or you’re going to be arrested. I made him swear on a stack of Bibles.'^[37] Pattinson was unfamiliar with the novel series prior to his screen test but read the books later on.^[39] Meyer allowed him to view a manuscript of the unfinished Midnight Sun, which chronicles the events in Twilight from Edward's point of view.^[40] Fan reaction to Pattinson's casting as Edward was initially negative; Rachelle Lefèvre remarked that '[e]very woman had their own Edward [that] they had to let go of before they could open up to [him], which they did.'^[39] Meyer was 'excited' and 'ecstatic' in response to the casting of the two main characters.^[41] She had expressed interest in having Emily Browning and Henry Cavill cast as Bella and Edward, respectively, prior to pre-production.^[42]

Peter Facinelli was not originally cast as Carlisle Cullen. '[Hardwicke] liked me, but there was another actor that the studio was pushing for', Facinelli said.^[11] For unknown reasons, that actor was not able to play the part and Facinelli was selected in his place.^[11] The choice of Ashley Greene to portray Alice Cullen was the subject of fan criticism due to Greene being 7 inches (18 cm) taller than her character as described in the novel. Meyer had also stated that Rachael Leigh Cook resembled her vision of Alice.^[43]Nikki Reed had previously worked with Hardwicke on Thirteen, which they wrote together, and Lords of Dogtown. Reed commented, 'I don't want to say it's a coincidence, because we do work well together, and we have a great history. I think we make good work, but it's more that the people that hire [Hardwicke] to direct a film of theirs [have] most likely seen her other work.'^[44]

Kellan Lutz was in Africa shooting the HBOminiseriesGeneration Kill when the auditions for the character of Emmett Cullen were conducted. The role had already been cast by the time that production ended in December 2007, but the actor who had been selected 'fell through'; Lutz subsequently auditioned and was flown to Oregon, where Hardwicke personally chose him.^[45]Rachelle Lefèvre was interested in pursuing a role in the film because Hardwicke was attached to the project as director; there was also 'the potential to explore a character, hopefully, over three films'; and she wanted to portray a vampire.^[46] She 'thought that vampires were basically the best metaphor for human anxiety and questions about being alive.'^[46]Christian Serratos initially auditioned for Jessica Stanley, but she 'fell totally in love with Angela' after reading the novels and successfully took advantage of a later opportunity to audition for Angela Weber.^[47] The role of Jessica Stanley went to Anna Kendrick, who got the part after two mix-and-match auditions with various actors.^[48]

Filming and post-production

On a bed in Catherine Hardwicke's house is where Pattinson kissed Stewart for the first time for the Twilight screen test. 'That bed made Pattinson who he is right now,' says Reed. That’s also where Hardwicke auditioned Evan Rachel Wood, when she had her get into her bed with Nikki Reed for the film Thirteen. When asked about her lair, Hardwicke says, 'MTV came and did an episode in my house filming the bed. It’s legendary.'^[37] Principal photography took 44 days,^[4] after more than a week of rehearsals,^[49] and completed on May 2, 2008.^[5] Similar to her directorial debut Thirteen, Hardwicke opted for an extensive use of hand-held cinematography to make the film 'feel real'.^[11][50] Meyer visited the production set three times and was consulted on different aspects of the story;^[51] she also has a brief cameo in the film.^[52] Cast members who portrayed vampires avoided sunlight to make their skin pale, though makeup was also applied for that effect, and wore contact lenses: 'We did the golden color because the Cullens have those golden eyes. And then, when we're hungry, we have to pop the black ones in,' Facinelli explained.^[11] They also participated in rehearsals with a dance choreographer and observed the physicality of different panthera to make their bodily movements more elegant.^[11][43][53]

Scenes were filmed primarily in Portland, Oregon.^[6] Stunt work was done mainly by the cast.^[54] The fight sequence between Gigandet and Pattinson's characters in a ballet studio, which was filmed during the first week of production, involved a substantial amount of wire work because the vampires in the story have superhuman strength and speed.^[53] Gigandet incorporated mixed martial arts fighting moves in this sequence, which involved chicken and honey as substitutes for flesh.^[55] Bella, the protagonist, is unconscious during these events, and since the novel is told from her point of view, such action sequences are illustrative and unique to the film.^[39] Pattinson noted that maintaining one's center of gravity is difficult when doing wire work 'because you have to really fight against it as well as letting it do what it needs to do.'^[39] Lefèvre found the experience disorienting since forward motion was out of her control.^[39]

Instead of shooting at Forks High School itself, scenes taking place at the school were filmed at Kalama High School^[56] and Madison High School.^[57] Other scenes were filmed in St. Helens,^[58] and Hardwicke conducted some reshooting in Pasadena, California, in August.^[4][59]Twilight was originally scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on December 12, 2008, but its release date was changed to November 21 after Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was rescheduled for an opening in July 2009.^[60] Two teaser trailers, as well as some additional scenes, were released for the film, as well as a final trailer, which was released on October 9.^[61][62] A 15-minute excerpt of Twilight was presented during the International Rome Film Festival in Italy.^[63] The film received a rating of PG-13 from the Motion Picture Association of America for 'some violence and a scene of sensuality'.^[64]

Music

The score for Twilight was composed by Carter Burwell,^[65][66] with the rest of the soundtrack chosen by music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas.^[67] Meyer was consulted on the soundtrack, which includes music by Muse and Linkin Park, bands she listened to while writing the novels.^[68][69] The original soundtrack was released on November 4, 2008, by Chop Shop Records in conjunction with Atlantic Records.^[8] It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200.^[70]

Release

Box office

Twilight grossed over $7 million in ticket sales from midnight showings alone on November 21, 2008.^[71] The film is fifth overall on Fandango's list of top advance ticket sales, outranked only by its sequel the following year, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009).^[71] It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day.^[72] For its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Twilight accumulated $69.6 million from 3,419 theaters at an average of $20,368 per theater.^[73] The film grossed $192,769,854 in the United States and Canada, and $199,846,771 in international territories for a total of $392,616,625.^[3] Its opening weekend gross was the highest ever of a female-directed film, surpassing that of Deep Impact (1998).^[74]

Critical reception

Twilight received mixed reviews from critics. Based on 215 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 49%, with a weighted average score of 5.43/10. The website's critical consensus reads: 'Having lost much of its bite transitioning to the big screen, Twilight will please its devoted fans, but do little for the uninitiated.'^[75] On Metacritic, it has a weighted mean score of 56 based on 37 reviews from film critics, indicating 'mixed or average reviews'.^[76]New York Press critic Armond White called the film 'a genuine pop classic',^[77] and praised Hardwicke for turning 'Meyer's book series into a Brontë-esque vision.'^[78]Roger Ebert gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote, 'I saw it at a sneak preview. Last time I saw a movie in that same theater, the audience welcomed it as an opportunity to catch up on gossip, texting, and laughing at private jokes. This time the audience was rapt with attention'.^[79] In his review for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan wrote, 'Twilight is unabashedly a romance. All the story's inherent silliness aside, it is intent on conveying the magic of meeting that one special person you've been waiting for. Maybe it is possible to be 13 and female for a few hours after all'.^[80]USA Today gave the film two out of four stars and Claudia Puig wrote, 'Meyer is said to have been involved in the production of Twilight, but her novel was substantially more absorbing than the unintentionally funny and quickly forgettable film'.^[81]Entertainment Weekly gave the film a 'B' rating and Owen Gleiberman praised Hardwicke's direction: 'She has reconjured Meyer's novel as a cloudburst mood piece filled with stormy skies, rippling hormones, and understated visual effects'.^[82]

Home media

The film was released on DVD in North America on March 21, 2009, through midnight release parties, and sold over 3 million units in its first day.^[83] It was released on April 6, 2009 in the UK.^[84][85] Bonus features include about 10 to 12 extended or deleted scenes, montages and music videos, behind-the-scenes interviews, a 'making-of' segment, and commentary featuring Hardwicke, Stewart, and Pattinson.^[86][87] The Blu-ray disc edition of the film was released on March 21, 2009, in select locations, but was made more widely available at further retailers on May 5, 2009.^[88] As of July 2012, the film has sold 11,242,519 units, earning $201,190,019.^[89]

The film and the next two installments of the Twilight Saga will be rereleased as a triple feature with extended cuts on January 13, 2015.

Video game

A movie trivia video game developed by Screenlife and published by Konami for the Wii, Nintendo DS, PC and iPhone was released alongside the second film.

Accolades

Since its release, Twilight has received numerous nominations and awards. In January 2009, Carter Burwell was nominated for Film Composer of the Year by the International Film Music Critics Association.^[90]Robert Pattinson won Bravo TV's A-List Award for A-List Breakout.^[91] At the 2009 MTV Movie Awards, Pattinson, who was nominated alongside Taylor Lautner, also won an award for Male Breakthrough Performance, 'Decode' was nominated for Best Song from a Movie, Twilight won an award for Best Movie, Kristen Stewart won for Best Female performance, Stewart and Pattinson were awarded Best Kiss, and Pattinson and Cam Gigandet won an award for Best Fight.^[92]Christian Serratos won a Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film: Supporting Young Actress.^[93] For the 2009 Teen Choice Awards, held on August 9, the film and its actors received a combined total of 12 nominations, nine of which the film won.^[94] At the 2009 Scream Awards, the film was nominated for nine awards, four of which it won.^[95] The film won two ALMA Awards for makeup and hairstyling.^[96] It also won the Public Choice Award at the World Soundtrack Awards, where Carter Burwell was also nominated for Composer of the Year.^[97]Catherine Hardwicke received a Young Hollywood Award for her directing.^[98] In addition, the film was nominated for Best Fantasy Film at the 35th Saturn Awards^[99] and two Grammy Awards.^[100]

Sequel

MTV reported in February 2008 that Summit Entertainment intended to create a series of at least three films based on Meyer's books.^[9] The studio had optioned New Moon, the second book in the series, by October 2008,^[101] and confirmed their plans to make a film based on it November 22, 2008.^[102][103] Because Catherine Hardwicke had wanted more preparation time than Summit's schedule for the production and release of the sequel would provide,^[104][105]Chris Weitz was selected to direct it in December 2008.^[106][107]

See also

• Apotamkin, Bella's Google hit for the cold ones

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External links

• Twilight on IMDb
• Twilight at AllMovie
• Twilight at Box Office Mojo
• Twilight at Metacritic
• Twilight at Rotten Tomatoes

The Twilight Saga is a series of five romancefantasy films from Summit Entertainment based on the four novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. The films star Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner. The series has grossed over $3.3 billion in worldwide receipts. The first installment, Twilight, was released on November 21, 2008.^[1] The second installment, New Moon, followed on November 20, 2009, breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history, grossing an estimated $72.7 million.^[2] The third installment, Eclipse, was released on June 30, 2010,^[3] and was the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX.^[4]

The series was in development since 2004 at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation of Twilight that differed significantly from the novel was written.^[5][6] Three years later, Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the film. After Twilight grossed $35.7 million on its opening day,^[7] Summit Entertainment announced they would begin production on New Moon; they had acquired the rights to the remaining novels earlier that same month.^[8] A two-part adaptation of Breaking Dawn began shooting in November 2010 with release dates of November 18, 2011, and November 16, 2012, respectively.^[9][10][11]

• 4Films
• 5Soundtracks
• 6Reaction

Development[edit]

Twilight was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures's MTV Films, during which time a screen adaptation differing significantly from the novel was written.^[5][6] For example, the script transformed Bella into a star athlete. Stephenie Meyer stated that there was some debate in allowing the movie to be made because of the negative or positive outcome of the movie compared to the book, 'They could have put that [earlier] movie out, called it something else, and no one would have known it was Twilight!' The idea of seeing a scene converted correctly, specifically the meadow scene, convinced Meyer to sell the rights. In seeing the script, she was frightened that she had made the wrong decision. When Summit Entertainment reinvented itself as a full-service studio in April 2007, it successfully acquired the rights to the novel. Erik Feig, President of Production at Summit Entertainment, guaranteed a close adaptation to the book.^[12] The company perceived the film as an opportunity to launch a franchise based on the success of Meyer's book and its sequels.^[13][14] Meyer felt that Summit was open to letting her be a part of the film. Catherine Hardwicke was hired to direct the film, and soon afterward, Melissa Rosenberg was selected to be the film's structural base as the writer of the film.^[15]

Rosenberg developed an outline by the end of August and collaborated with Hardwicke on writing the screenplay during the following month. 'She was a great sounding board and had all sorts of brilliant ideas.... I'd finish off scenes and send them to her, and get back her notes.'^[16] Because of the impending WGA strike, Rosenberg worked full-time to finish the screenplay before October 31.^[16] In adapting the novel for the screen, she 'had to condense a great deal.' Some characters were left out, and others were combined.^[17] '[O]ur intent all along was to stay true to the book,' Rosenberg explained, 'and it has to do less with adapting it word for word and more with making sure the characters' arcs and emotional journeys are the same.'^[18] Hardwicke suggested the use of voice over to convey the protagonist's internal dialogue,^[16] since the novel is told from Bella's point of view; and she sketched some of the storyboards during pre-production.^[19]

Meyer, the author, and Hardwicke, the director, had a close relationship while developing Twilight. Hardwicke wanted to embrace the experience and make the characters in the books come to life. She would call Meyer after changing a scene slightly, which surprised the author because, 'I've heard the stories...I know it's not normally like that when you adapt a book.' Meyer, a natural pessimist, was waiting for the worst but, instead, called her experience in the book's film adaptation 'the best I could have hoped for.'^[5][6]

Originally scheduled for release in December 2008, Twilight was moved to a worldwide release of November 21, 2008, after Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince moved from a November 2008 release to being released in July 2009.^[1]

Casting[edit]

Kristen Stewart was on the set of Adventureland when Hardwicke visited her for an informal screen test, which 'captivated' the director.^[5] Hardwicke did not initially choose Robert Pattinson for the role of Edward Cullen; but, after an audition at her home with Stewart, he was selected.^[5] Meyer allowed Pattinson to view a manuscript of the unfinished Midnight Sun, which chronicles the events in Twilight from Edward's point of view.^[20][21] Meyer was 'excited' and 'ecstatic' in response to the casting of the two main characters.^[22] She had expressed interest in having Emily Browning and Henry Cavill cast as Bella and Edward, respectively, prior to pre-production.^[23]

Peter Facinelli was not originally cast as Carlisle Cullen: '[Hardwicke] liked [him], but there was another actor that the studio was pushing for.'^[24] For unknown reasons, that actor was not able to play the part, and Facinelli was selected in his place.^[24] The choice of Ashley Greene to portray Alice Cullen was criticized by some fans because Greene is 7 inches (18 cm) taller than her character as described in the novel. Meyer said that Rachael Leigh Cook resembled her vision of Alice.^[25]Nikki Reed had previously worked with Hardwicke on the successful Thirteen (2003), which they co-wrote, and Lords of Dogtown (2005).

Kellan Lutz was in Africa, shooting the HBOminiseriesGeneration Kill, when the auditions for the character of Emmett Cullen were conducted. The role had already been cast by the time the HBO production ended in December 2007, but the selected actor 'fell through'. Lutz subsequently auditioned and was flown to Oregon, where Hardwicke personally chose him.^[26]

Rachelle Lefèvre wanted a role in the film because Hardwicke was director; she saw 'the potential to explore a character, hopefully, over three films'; and she wanted to portray a vampire.^[27] '[She] thought that vampires were basically the best metaphor for human anxiety and questions about being alive.'^[27]Christian Serratos initially auditioned for Jessica Stanley, but she 'fell totally in love with Angela' after reading the books and took advantage of a later opportunity to audition for Angela Weber.^[28] The role of Jessica Stanley went to Anna Kendrick, who got the part after two mix-and-match auditions with various actors.^[29]

Because of major physical changes that occur in the character of Jacob Black between Twilight and New Moon, director Chris Weitz considered replacing Taylor Lautner in the sequel with an actor who could more accurately portray 'the new, larger Jacob Black.'^[30] Trying to keep the role, Lautner worked out extensively and put on 30 lbs.^[31] In January 2009, Weitz and Summit Entertainment announced that Lautner would continue as Jacob in The Twilight Saga: New Moon.^[32]

Twilight author Stephenie Meyer^[6]

In late March 2009, Summit Entertainment released a list of the actors who would be portraying the 'wolf pack' alongside Lautner. The casting for the rest of the Quileute people was headed by casting director Rene Haynes, who has worked on films with large American Indian casts, such as Dances with Wolves and Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee.^[33]

In mid-2009, it was announced that Bryce Dallas Howard would be replacing Rachelle Lefevre as Victoria for the third Twilight film, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Summit Entertainment attributed the change to scheduling conflicts. Lefevre said she was 'stunned' and 'greatly saddened' by the decision.^[34]Jodelle Ferland was cast as the newly turned vampire, Bree.^[35] Other new cast members for the third film include Xavier Samuel as Riley,^[36]Jack Huston as Royce King II,^[37]Catalina Sandino Moreno as Maria,^[38] Julia Jones as Leah Clearwater,^[35] and BooBoo Stewart as Seth Clearwater.^[35]

Production[edit]

Principal photography for Twilight took 44 days,^[39] after more than a week of rehearsals,^[40] and completed on May 2, 2008.^[41] Similar to her directorial debut Thirteen, Hardwicke opted for an extensive use of hand-held cinematography to make the film 'feel real'.^[24][42] Meyer visited the production set three times, and was consulted on different aspects of the story;^[43] she also has a brief cameo in the film.^[44] To make their bodily movements more elegant, and to get used to their characters' fighting styles, the cast playing vampires participated in rehearsals with a dance choreographer and observed the physicality of different panthera.^[24][25][45] Instead of shooting at Forks High School itself, scenes taking place at the school were filmed at Kalama High School^[46] and Madison High School.^[47] Other scenes were also filmed in St. Helens, Oregon,^[48] and Hardwicke conducted some reshooting in Pasadena, California, in August.^[39][49]

In early November 2008, Summit announced that they had obtained the rights to the remaining books in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series: New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn.^[8] On November 22, 2008, one day after the theatrical release of Twilight, Summit confirmed that they would begin working on New Moon. Melissa Rosenberg had been working on adapting the novel prior to Twilight's release^[50] and handed in the draft for New Moon during Twilight's opening weekend in November 2008.^[51]

In early December 2008, it was announced that Twilight director Catherine Hardwicke would not be returning to direct the sequel. Hardwicke cited time restrictions as the reason behind her leaving the project.^[52] Instead, Chris Weitz, director of The Golden Compass and co-director of American Pie, was hired to direct The Twilight Saga: New Moon.^[53] Filming for New Moon began in Vancouver in late March 2009,^[54][55] and in Montepulciano, Italy, in late May 2009.^[56][57]

In early 2009, before the release of The Twilight Saga: New Moon, Summit confirmed that they would begin production on The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Since Weitz would be in post-production for New Moon when The Twilight Saga: Eclipse began shooting, he would not be directing the third film.^[58][59] Instead, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse was helmed by director David Slade, with Melissa Rosenberg returning as screenwriter.^[60] Filming began on August 17, 2009 at Vancouver Film Studios^[61] and finished in late October, with post-production beginning early the following month.^[62] In April 2010, it was revealed that re-shoots of the film were needed. Slade, who previously said he would not be around for them, was seen, along with Stephenie Meyer, on set. The three main stars were also present.^[63]

Wyck Godfrey, producer of the previous films in the series, stated in mid-2009 that they had every intention to make the film version of Breaking Dawn.^[64] Following months of speculation and cast rumors,^[9][65] it was officially announced on April 28, 2010, that Academy Award winnerBill Condon, who directed Gods and Monsters and Dreamgirls, would direct Breaking Dawn; producing the film will be Wyck Godfrey, Karen Rosenfelt, and author Stephenie Meyer. 'I'm very excited to get the chance to bring the climax of this saga to life on-screen. As fans of the series know, this is a one-of-a-kind book – and we're hoping to create an equally unique cinematic experience,' said Bill Condon. A November 18, 2011 release date has been set for the first part, while the second is scheduled for release on November 16, 2012.^[11][66][67] Following that announcement, Summit officially confirmed that a two-part adaption of the fourth book would start production in the fall on June 11, 2010.^[68] With this announcement, it was made clear that all major actors, including the three lead roles, the Cullen family, and Charlie Swan, would return for both parts.^[68]Bill Condon was also confirmed to direct both parts.^[68]

In order to keep the budget on both parts of Breaking Dawn reasonable, which would be substantially greater than the previous instalments in the series, filming in Louisiana was also negotiated, providing larger tax credits for the studio to benefit from.^[10]

Films[edit]

Twilight (2008)[edit]

Twilight was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and written by Melissa Rosenberg. It focuses on the development of a personal relationship between human teenager Bella Swan (Kristen Stewart) and vampireEdward Cullen (Robert Pattinson), and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a separate group of hostile vampires. Edward refuses to grant Bella's request that he would transform her into a vampire, so that they could be together forever, his argument being that she should have a normal, human life.

The film was released theatrically starting on November 21, 2008. It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day,^[69] and has come to gross US$408.9 million worldwide. The DVD was released on March 21, 2009 and grossed an additional $238 million from sales.^[70] The Blu-ray disc edition of the film was released on March 21, 2009, in select locations, but was made more widely available at further retailers on May 5, 2009, grossing over $26 million;^[71] getting to a total of over $264 million in home media sales.^[72]

The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009)[edit]

The Twilight Saga: New Moon was directed by Chris Weitz and written by Melissa Rosenberg. The film follows the Cullens' departure from Forks, and Bella Swan's fall into a deep depression. This depression persists until Bella develops a strong friendship with Jacob Black (Taylor Lautner). She consequently discovers that Jacob has unwillingly become a werewolf. Jacob and his tribe must protect Bella from Victoria, and a gregarious herd of vampires. Edward tells Bella that he will change her into a vampire if she agrees to marry him.

The film was released theatrically starting on November 20, 2009, and set numerous records. It is currently^[when?] the biggest advance-ticket seller on Fandango^[73] and held the biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and Canada) box office history, grossing an estimated $26.3 million.^[74] Its sequel, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, broke that record in June 2010, grossing $72.7 million on its opening day domestically, becoming the biggest single-day opening in domestic history.^[2]New Moon is the thirteenth highest opening weekend in domestic history with $142,839,137.^[75]

The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010)[edit]

The Twilight Saga: Eclipse was directed by David Slade and written by Melissa Rosenberg. The film follows the human Bella Swan as she develops awareness of the complications of marrying vampire Edward Cullen. Jacob Black and the rest of the wolves form a temporary alliance with the Cullens to battle Victoria and her army of newborn vampires, in order to keep Bella safe. Jacob unsuccessfully tries to convince Bella to leave Edward and be with him instead. Edward proposes to Bella and she accepts it.

The film was released theatrically starting on June 30, 2010,^[3] and is the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX.^[4] It set a new record for biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and Canada) in box office history, grossing an estimated $30 million in over 4,000 theaters.^[76] The previous record holder was the previous film in the series, The Twilight Saga: New Moon with $26.3 million in 3,514 theaters.^[76] The film then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in domestic history with $68,533,840 beating Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen's $62 million.^[77]The Twilight Saga: Eclipse has also become the film with the widest release ever, playing in over 4,416 theaters.^[78]

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011)[edit]

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn was directed by Bill Condon, and author Stephenie Meyer co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with Melissa Rosenberg penning the script.^[79] The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011. The filming of Breaking Dawn began in November 2010.

The first part follows Bella and Edward as they get married and Bella becomes pregnant. They deal with her struggle of being pregnant and nearly dying because of her half-human, half-vampire child.

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012)[edit]

Download Twilight 2008 Movie

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 was directed by Bill Condon, and author Stephenie Meyer co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with Melissa Rosenberg penning the script.^[79] The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011.^[10][80] The second was released on November 16, 2012.^[11]

The second part of Breaking Dawn saw the climax of Bella and Edward's relationship. Bella must learn, as a newly transformed vampire, to use her special shield powers, as well as protect her half-human half-vampire daughter, Renesmee. The film also shows the final battle between The Cullens, along with vampires from the Denali Clan, and other vampire friends, as well as the wolves from the Quileute Tribe, against The Volturi.

Soundtracks[edit]

Twilight[edit]

Twilight: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was chosen by music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas.^[81] The album was released on November 4, 2008 by Patsavas' Chop Shop label, in conjunction with Atlantic Records, and debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200, having sold about 165,000 copies in its first week of release, 29% of which were digital downloads.^[82]Twilight is the best-selling theatrical movie soundtrack in the United States since Chicago (2002).^[83] 'Decode', by Paramore, was the first single released from the soundtrack. It premiered on Paramore's fan club site and Stephenie Meyer's official website on October 1, 2008.^[84][85] The song was certified Platinum in the U.S on February 16, 2010, selling over 1,000,000 copies. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award in 2010 for Best Song Written for a Movie. 'Go All the Way (Into the Twilight)', by Perry Farrell, was the second single released from the soundtrack. It premiered on Meyer's website on October 23, 2008.^[86][87]

Twilight: The Score was composed and orchestrated by Carter Burwell over a 9- to 10-week period, and was recorded and mixed in about 2 weeks in late September 2008.^[88] Burwell began the score with a 'Love Theme' for Bella and Edward's relationship, a variation of which became 'Bella's Lullaby' that Robert Pattinson plays in the film, and that is included on the Twilight Original Motion Picture Soundtrack.^[88] The original theme is featured throughout the film, and serves to 'play the romance that drives the story'.^[88] Another theme Burwell composed was a 'Predator Theme', which opens the film, and is intended to play Edward's vampire nature.^[88] Other themes include a bass-line, drum beat and distorted guitar sound for the nomadic vampires, and a melody for the Cullen family.^[88]Twilight: The Score was released digitally on November 25, 2008 and in stores on December 9.^[89][90]

The Twilight Saga: New Moon[edit]

The Twilight Saga: New Moon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) had, once again, Alexandra Patsavas as music supervisor;^[91] while The Twilight Saga: New Moon (The Score), was composed by Alexandre Desplat.^[92] The movie's director, Chris Weitz, has a working relationship with Desplat, who scored one of his previous films, The Golden Compass (2007).^[92]The Twilight Saga: New Moon: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on October 16, 2009^[93] by Patsavas' Chop Shop label, in conjunction with Atlantic Records.^[91] The album debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200, later jumped to #1 with 153,000 copies sold. The Twilight Saga: New Moon: The Score was released on November 24, 2009.

The Twilight Saga: Eclipse[edit]

The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) had, once again, Alexandra Patsavas as music supervisor. It was released on June 8, 2010, by Patsavas' Chop Shop label, in conjunction with Atlantic Records.^[94] The lead single from the soundtrack, 'Neutron Star Collision (Love Is Forever)', performed by the British band Muse, was released on May 17, 2010.^[95] The soundtrack debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart with estimated sales of 144,000 copies.

The fim's score, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (The Score), was composed by Howard Shore, who composed the scores for The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001-2003).^[96]

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1[edit]

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1: (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) saw the release of two singles: 'A Thousand Years' by Christina Perri and 'It Will Rain' by Bruno Mars. The former reached number one and the latter of the two number three on the Billboard Hot 100.

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2[edit]

Reaction[edit]

Box office performance[edit]

Twilight grossed over $7 million in ticket sales from midnight showings alone on November 21, 2008.^[97] It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day.^[69] For its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Twilight accumulated $69.6 million from 3,419 theaters at an average of $20,368 per theater.^[98]

The film has made $192.7 million in the United States and Canada, and a further $200.8 million in international territories for a total of $393.6 million worldwide.^[99]

The film was released on DVD in North America on March 21, 2009 through midnight release parties, and sold over 3 million units in its first day.^[100] It has continued to sell units, totaling as of July 2012, making $201,323,629.^[70]

The Twilight Saga: New Moon set records for advance ticket sales, causing some theaters to add additional showings.^[101] The film set records as the biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and Canada) box office history, grossing an estimated $26.3 million in 3,514 theatres, before expanding to 4,024 theaters.^[74] The record was previously held by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which grossed $22.2 million domestically during its midnight premiere.^[74] The film grossed $72.7 million on its opening day domestically, becoming the biggest single-day opening in domestic history, beating The Dark Knight's $67.2 million.^[2] This opening strongly contributed to another record: the first time that the top ten films at the domestic box office had a combined gross of over $100 million in a single day.^[102]

The opening weekend of The Twilight Saga: New Moon is the ninth-highest opening weekend in domestic history with $142,839,137.^[75] The film also has the sixth highest worldwide opening weekend with $274.9 million total.^[103]

Critical response[edit]

While The Twilight Saga has been successful at the box office, critical reception of the films was mixed.

New York Press critic Armond White called Twilight 'a genuine pop classic',^[110] and praised Hardwicke for turning 'Meyer's book series into a Brontë-esque vision'.^[111]USA Today gave the film two out of four stars and Claudia Puig wrote: 'Meyer is said to have been involved in the production of Twilight, but her novel was substantially more absorbing than the unintentionally funny and quickly forgettable film.'^[112]

Robert Ignizio of the Cleveland Scene described The Twilight Saga: New Moon as an 'entertaining fantasy', and noted that it 'has a stronger visual look [than Twilight] and does a better job with its action scenes while still keeping the focus on the central love triangle.'^[113] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film two and half stars out of four, praised Kristen Stewart's performance in the film and wrote: 'Despite melodrama that, at times, is enough to induce diabetes, there's enough wolf whistle in this sexy, scary romp to please anyone.'^[114] The Seattle Post-Intelligencer gave the film a 'B' grading and said, 'the movie looks tremendous, the dialogue works, there are numerous well placed jokes, the acting is on point.'^[115] Mick LaSalle from the San Francisco Chronicle responded with a more mixed review, stating, '[E]xpect this film to satisfy its fans. Everybody else, get ready for a bizarre soap opera/pageant, consisting of a succession of static scenes with characters loping into the frame to announce exactly what they're thinking.'^[116]Roger Ebert gave the film 1 star out of 4 and said that it 'takes the tepid achievement of Twilight, guts it, and leaves it for undead.'^[117] The release of the movie has also inspired feminist criticism, with Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly making light of the claim that Edward Cullen is little better than a stalker.^[118] In any case, the influx of female viewers into the theaters indicates the increasing importance of the female demographic in dictating Hollywood's tastes.^[119]

The Hollywood Reporter posted a positive review of The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, saying the film 'nails it'.^[120]Variety reports that the film 'finally feels more like the blockbuster this top-earning franchise deserves'.^[121] One review stated the film was the best in The Twilight Saga so far, acknowledging that, 'The person who should be worried is Bill Condon, the director tapped for the two-part finale, Breaking Dawn. He's got a real challenge to make movies as good as Eclipse.'^[122]A.O. Scott of The New York Times praised David Slade's ability to make an entertaining film, calling it funny and better than its predecessors, but pointed out the acting hasn't improved much.^[123]

A more negative review said that while 'Eclipse restores some of the energy New Moon zapped out of the franchise and has enough quality performances to keep it involving', the film 'isn't quite the adrenaline-charged game-changer for love story haters that its marketing might lead you to believe. The majority of the 'action' remains protracted and not especially scintillating should-we-or-shouldn't-we conversations between the central triangle.'^[124] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film a more positive review than for the first two films in the saga, but still felt the movie was a constant, unclever conversation between the three main characters. He criticized the 'gazes' both Edward and Jacob give Bella throughout the movie, and noted that the mountain range that appears in the film looks 'like landscapes painted by that guy on TV who shows you how to paint stuff like that.' He also predicted that a lack of understanding for the film series in general would not bode well with the audience, stating, 'I doubt anyone not intimately familiar with the earlier installments could make head or tails of the opening scenes.' He gave the film 2 stars out of 4.^[125]

Breaking Dawn – Part 1 received mostly negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 24% of critics (of the 195 counted reviews) gave the film a positive review, and the site's consensus reads 'Slow, joyless and loaded with unintentionally humorous moments, Breaking Dawn Part 1 may satisfy the Twilight faithful, but it's strictly for fans of the franchise'.^[126]Part 2 had a mixed critical reception but was much more favorable than Part 1.^[127] Bruce Diones of New Yorkers gave the film a positive review, citing 'A feast of ripe dialogue and bloodsucking action'.^{[citation needed]} Richard Roeper said that 'The fifth and final entry in the historically successful Twilight franchise is the most self-aware and in some ways the most entertaining', giving it a grade C+^[128]

Home media sales[edit]

List indicator(s)

• ^(B) indicates the yearly rank based on the number of DVDs sold during the year released (calculated by The Numbers).

Twilight in popular culture[edit]

The 2010 Portuguese teen series Lua Vermelha (Red Moon) had a similar premise of vampire romance but differed in the story. A parody film released that same year titled, Vampires Suck spoofed the film series. A television show within the canon of Canadian teen vampire film My Babysitter's a Vampire and the television series sequel called Dusk is a parody of Twilight.

The 2012 film Breaking Wind (parodying the title of Breaking Dawn, but parodying the whole film series), directed by Craig Moss (best known for The 41-Year-Old Virgin Who Knocked Up Sarah Marshall and Felt Superbad About It), is also a spoof of the films and a parody version of Breaking Dawn Part – 1.^[148] The animated movie Hotel Transylvania was released the same year, and has a scene inspired by Twilight.^[149][150]

The 2013 Filipino comedysitcom entitled My Daddy is a Vampire resembled some Twilight scenes.^[151]

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External links[edit]

Twilight 2008 Movie Cast List

• The Twilight Saga on Facebook